Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition where excess fat accumulates in the liver of people who drink little to no alcohol. It's emerging as one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide, estimated to affect 25% of the global population.
NAFLD develops when too much fat is deposited in the liver, causing it to become inflamed. This fat buildup is usually associated with obesity, insulin resistance, high blood sugar, high blood pressure, and abnormal cholesterol levels. Therefore, NAFLD is considered the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome.
Many people with NAFLD do not experience any signs or symptoms especially in the early stages. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include fatigue, malaise, dull abdominal discomfort, and enlargement of the liver. Severe NAFLD can cause decreased appetite, nausea, jaundice, fluid buildup in the legs and abdomen.
The main cause of NAFLD is overweight/obesity coupled with insulin resistance. Eating high amounts of highly processed foods full of fructose corn syrup, fatty/fried foods, and simple carbohydrates increases risk. A sedentary lifestyle further contributes. Though less common,
certain medications, metabolic disorders, and rapid weight loss can also lead to NAFLD.
NAFLD is often diagnosed through abnormal liver function blood tests. Imaging studies like ultrasounds and MRIs can confirm fat accumulation in the liver. Liver biopsies are sometimes performed to assess severity. NAFLD may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) causing inflammation and liver cell damage, which can lead to cirrhosis.
The cornerstone of treatment is lifestyle changes. Losing at least 5-10% of body weight through diet and exercise is highly beneficial. Avoiding processed carbs and sugary drinks while increasing healthy fats, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins can reduce fat deposits.
Medications may be prescribed to treat associated high blood sugar, cholesterol and triglycerides. Vitamin E and other supplements are sometimes recommended.
Without treatment, NAFLD can worsen and result in serious complications like cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure, and need for transplant. Early intervention to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight is key. People with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome should get regular screening. Increased awareness and proactive management of NAFLD is vital to curb this growing public health problem.
NAFLD is a very common but often undiagnosed condition that can lead to liver damage if unchecked.
Eating healthy, staying active, and losing weight helps prevent and treat NAFLD. Work closely with your doctor for proper evaluation and management of this disease.
Small lifestyle steps and vigilance go a long way in tackling NAFLD before it progresses.
Thank you for reading !!!, keep fit and stay healthy as always :-)